Insulin hormone is vital for maintaining energy balance and regenerative processes in the body (Coach Kati)

Insulin hormone for energy balance and regenerative processes

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Insulin: a vital hormone

It is important to realize that insulin hormone is the most vital hormone controlling the body’s multiple metabolic activities. Unlike many still believe, it is not just about diabetes. Insulin benefits the liver, anabolic processes, brain health, mental wellbeing, and more. Early interventions (and not only through nutritional changes!) targeted at normalizing its levels may prevent insulin resistance and severe ailments caused by abnormal insulin levels or insulin dysfunction.

Almost everyone has heard about the insulin hormone since its deficiency or dysfunction causes diabetes. Diabetes is now among the most common diseases affecting more than 12% of the global population. What is worrisome, another 30% of the population is living with prediabetes or abnormal insulin hormone activity levels (US Preventive Services Task Force, 2021).

This makes insulin-related health issues the most common health problem globally.

Additionally, it is worth understanding that insulin-related problems are more common in urban societies and developed economies. This is mainly due to specific lifestyles, dietary choices, and stress.

Insulin resistance, dysfunction, or imbalance may cause many other health issues, not just diabetes. It is one of the most critical hormones in the body, with many functions. For example, PCOS is a result of insulin resistance.
Natural insulin imbalances are present in most people living with obesity and metabolic disorders. Such people now make up the majority of the population in the Western world.

Since insulin has so many health effects, exploring its role in the body is vital. Hence, in this article, we look at insulin in detail. You will understand how even subtle changes in its levels may lead to health issues. This article discovers its various functions along with its role in glucose metabolism.

What is the insulin hormone?

The vitality of insulin is visible from the fact that this hormone is widely present in various species. It is present in humans, other mammals like cattle or swine, and even in fish (Planas et al., 2000).

Even billions of years of evolution did not change this hormone much. Hence, people must start understanding that it does not only regulate blood sugar levels.

Insulin is produced by the pancreas. Insulin hormone is not just about glucose metabolism but also about balancing energy supply and micronutrient levels in the body cells. It is essential for transporting glucose inside the cells, particularly in tissues like the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue (body fat) (Rahman et al., 2021).

Insulin changes influence blood glucose levels and the metabolism of fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and more. That is why high cholesterol level is common in those living with diabetes. Measuring glucose levels is just a more reliable way to understand insulin levels in the body.

Insulin function is not just regulating blood glucose. It is among the most critical anabolic hormones. It promotes glycogen and protein synthesis. Low insulin levels (like in diabetes) cause physical weakness and muscle wasting (Buczkowska & Jarosz-Chobot, 2001) which also increases weight gain. After reading this article you will notice how this is in fact a vicious cycle which requires lifestyle changes that last – not some short diets or sports courses for quick fixes.

A few things to know about insulin are:

    • It is present in vertebrates and invertebrates, making it the most universal hormone.
    • It is needed to balance the energy supply of various cells and tissues.
    • It influences the metabolism of glucose and other nutrients like fats, proteins, and micronutrients.
    • It is one of the potent anabolic hormones. Insulin-like growth factor plays a vital role in tissue regeneration.
    • Insulin is a short-acting hormone. Its half-life is between 3 to 10 minutes (Arnolds et al., 2010). Therefore, the body must keep secreting insulin in small amounts at regular intervals to ensure its consistent levels.

    Roles of insulin hormone in the body

    Insulin is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas, and it is essential for good health. Since its half-life is only a few minutes, its levels can quickly increase or decrease during the day. Despite daily diurnal changes, a certain amount of insulin is constantly circulating.

    Thus, the pancreas (the organ that produces insulin) keeps secreting this hormone in a pulsating manner 24 hours a day. Below are some functions of insulin in the body (Rahman et al., 2021).

    Regulates liver function:

    • The liver is the chemical factory of the body. Insulin improves glucose utilization by the liver and its conversion to glycogen. Glycogen acts as an energy store. Insulin also ensures that any excess energy or glucose is converted and stored as fats in the body (“Insulin,” 2012). Additionally, the insulin hormone also plays a vital role in the mobilization of body energy stores. It means that it regulates the conversion of glycogen and fatty acids back to glucose when needed.

    Skeletal muscles: 

    • Human skeletal muscles are energy hungry. They need a constant energy supply. Moreover, skeletal muscles compromise a significant part of the body weight. Therefore, skeletal muscles are the leading consumers of glucose. Insulin promotes the entry of glucose into the muscle cells. Apart from glucose entry, insulin also controls mitochondrial energy production and amounts of branched-chain amino acids. It also affects muscle fatty acid metabolism (Rahman et al., 2021).

    Adipose tissues (Body fat): 

    • Adipose tissues store abundant energy (body fat). Insulin plays a vital role in glucose uptake by fatty tissues. Additionally, insulin regulates the formation of adipose tissues (fatty tissues). It means that any changes in insulin levels would affect adipose tissue function. Further, obesity or higher adiposity also disrupts insulin function, as these cells utilize too much insulin. 

    Brain Health:

    • As mentioned, it is vital to see insulin beyond its role in blood sugar and diabetes. Insulin is essential for maintaining vascular health. Thus, insulin deficiency increases the risk of atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, and more (Rahman et al., 2021). Most body tissues and organs cannot function properly without insulin. Thus, insulin is necessary for kidney function, regulating blood pressure, promoting bone mineralization, and more. Insulin is vital for skin health and hair growth (Rahman et al., 2021). 

    Reasons for low and high insulin hormone levels

    Everyone knows that diabetes is about low insulin hormone levels. However, it is worth understanding that high insulin leads to type 2 diabetes, the most common diabetes type.

    There are some rare causes of high insulin, like pancreatic tumors, but this article explores the common causes of high and low insulin, like metabolic disorders, stress, and wrong lifestyle choices.

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    The body mainly secretes insulin in response to food intake. This secretion is particularly high in response to a high-carb diet. This is a natural process, as insulin is needed to process carbs, glucose, and their entry into cells or tissues (K. Singh, 2019). But please remember: not all carbs are good as there are different types of carbs. Also fiber is carbs, remember?

    Similarly, a sedentary lifestyle may also cause high insulin, which means lower energy expenditure and higher circulating carbs or glucose levels. Hence, the body responds by increasing insulin output so more glucose can enter the cells.

    Besides obesity or high-calorie intake and a sedentary lifestyle, stress is another common cause of high insulin. Chronic stress produces hormones like cortisol that increase blood glucose levels. In response, the body produces more insulin (Adam et al., 2010).

    Thus, obesity, high carbs consumption, high-calorie diet, processed foods, and stress are among the leading causes of high insulin (Yaribeygi et al., 2022).

    If insulin hormone constantly remains high, something interesting happens in the body. 

    Body cells become resistant to insulin, if insulin remains high. They stop responding to abnormally high insulin levels in the blood.

    This phenomenon forces the stressed body to produce even more insulin, which only makes things worse. It means that obesity, high carbs intake, and stress keep on increasing insulin levels and insulin resistance!

    Over the years (if you don’t make permanent good lifestyle changes!), the pancreas starts getting exhausted, and beta-cells in the pancreas start dying due to constant stress.

    This leads to the decompensatory phase, when the body cannot meet the ever-increasing insulin demand. At this stage, insulin levels start declining, and diabetes ensues.

    So, insulin decline occurs slowly over the years. Diabetes develops gradually over several years. Thus, people have time to make good lifestyle changes like dietary changes for better nutrition, exercise, and stress management.

    How are insulin hormone levels measured?

    There are many ways of measuring natural insulin. One way is to detect insulin levels in the blood directly. This may be helpful when there is a severe decline in insulin (like in type 1 diabetes) or a significant increase in insulin levels (like in pancreatic tumors).

    However, measuring natural insulin in the blood is not helpful when the changes are more subtle. Such an assessment is prone to errors due to frequent fluctuations in insulin levels. Insulin levels may change significantly in a few minutes.

    Thus, a slightly more reliable way of measuring insulin is C-peptide. It is a kind of peptide that is released along with insulin by beta-cells in the pancreas. It has a half-life of more than 30 minutes and is less prone to fluctuations. Thus, measuring it helps detects health issues like type 1 diabetes (Venugopal et al., 2023).

    The third way of measuring insulin is an indirect way. Which essentially means measuring glucose levels in the blood. There are many tests, like fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests, and more. They not only help diagnose conditions like diabetes but also help identify insulin resistance or mild insulin deficiency (B. Singh & Saxena, 2010).

    What test to use and when is best decided by health experts or doctors.

    Visible signs and symptoms of insulin changes

    Identifying subtle changes in insulin levels based on signs and symptoms is challenging. Nevertheless, it is worth understanding that many issues like type 2 diabetes and PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; women’s common hormone dysfunction) occur due to insulin resistance. Moreover, a person has high insulin early in these issues. Thus, high insulin may cause obesity, metabolic disorders, and changes in hormone health (PCOS and Diabetes, 2020; Wondmkun, 2020).

    However, changes in insulin levels, insulin spikes, and developing insulin resistance provide some early signs like darkened skin in the armpit or sides of the neck (acanthosis nigricans) (Insulin Resistance & Prediabetes – NIDDK, 2018).

    However, as insulin resistance increases and insulin levels decline significantly, one starts developing signs of diabetes like fatigue, thirst, increased urge to pee, excessive sweating, poorly healing wounds, and more.

    How to balance your insulin hormone levels?

    There are many ways of normalizing insulin levels. According to several studies, it is now evident that insulin levels are better corrected through lifestyle interventions. Moreover, such methods are safe and sustainable. Here we present a three-dimensional approach to balance your insulin levels.

    Lose body weight: 

    • Amazingly, one does not need to reduce body weight significantly to experience its health benefits. Studies show that merely 5% weight loss can dramatically improve insulin levels (Ryan & Yockey, 2017). There are many ways of weight loss, like exercise, dietary measures (permanent nutritional changes – no quick diets!), and altering practical eating habits and thinking patterns (e.g. self-leadership to avoid emotional eating etc.). Thus, interventions like hypnotherapy (=relaxing hypnosis + therapeutic mindshifting methods) can help significantly and bring you long-term benefits for both your body and mind (=they are not separate, remember?).
     

    Dietary measures: 

    • Book a meeting with your personal nutrition coach with mindshifting methods! First of all: don’t fall into the vicious cycle of practicing some restrictive diets again and again. Honestly, they can do you more harm than good in the long run. Good dietary measures for balancing your insulin hormone levels means making healthy dietary choices, a good lifestyle that lasts. It also means giving up binge eating or emotional eating where hypnotherapy, personal coaching and NLP “tricks” help you a lot. Remember that reprogramming the brain through behavioral therapy , NLP training or hypnosis may help alter eating habits. This can also help prevent hunger pangs.
     

    Stress management: 

    • Many insulin correction programs fail because people fail to realize the value of stress management. Their life is so busy that it’s understandable that they want to find the “quick fix” and they get frustrated when the results don’t come quickly or if after a quick-and-dirty restrictive diet their weight increases again “surprisingly”. Hopefully after reading this scientific article, you now understand why long-term fixes are the only ones that last, and that requires good stress management skills i.e. mindshifting methods.

    Getting good results requires prolonged effort

    Though one may experience some benefits already from day one – luckily! Many ways to reduce stress include adequate and quality sleep, meditation, practicing mindfulness, and learning other beneficial mindshifting methods you can utilize in many areas of life. 

    Hypnotic therapy (clinical hypnotherapy) can help you change your thinking patterns and eliminate constant worries. You will notice the benefits once you start learning the various mindshifting skills suited to your personal background, situation and goals.

    With Love

    Your Coach Kati
    Clinical Hypnotherapist, NLP Trainer, MSc., Author, Blogger
    [email protected]

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